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Paper 2 Ideology · 2023 Mock · 24 marks
To what extent does anarchism differ on the economy? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Most anarchists see economic freedom as central to liberty and anarchism. AO2 As Proudhon argued, Liberty is not the daughter but mother of order. [IJ] Economic freedom is a central principle for all anarchists as it leads to the spontaneous natural order of the stateless society. AO1 Most anarchists oppose a system of capitalism that is supported and protected by the state. AO2 Capitalism supported by the state promotes hierarchical relations built on coercion that are the very opposite of liberty. [IJ] Most anarchists reject capitalism. AO1 Most anarchists oppose private property. AO2 Private property is a source of coercive, hierarchical authority as well as exploitation and, consequently, elite privilege and inequality (Proudhon) or "spooks" of the mind (Stirner). [IJ] Most anarchists are united in the rejection of private property.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 Anarchists disagree strongly over the type of economy in the future society. AO2 Collectivists argue for common ownership in a stateless society (Bakunin), with an economy based on mutual aid (Kropotkin) or mutualism (Proudhon) whereas anarcho-capitalists believe in free-market, stateless capitalism to create freedom and order. [IJ] This reflects a fundamental difference within anarchism. AO1 There are clear disagreements over private property. AO2 Mutualists reject private property and common ownership in favour of mutualism and possessions (Proudhon), whilst anarcho-capitalists favour private property that is justly earnt, whereas anarcho-communists favour common ownership. [IJ] This shows clear differences between collective and individualist anarchism and within collective anarchism too. AO1 Within individualist anarchism, there is disagreement over capitalism and private property. AO2 Capitalism and private property are "spooks" to be eradicated for Egoists (Stirner), while anarcho-capitalists promote private property and a true free market where the state has been removed. [IJ] This reflects differences within individualist anarchism.
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